Dinucleotide powders (such as NAD+, FAD, etc.) are a type of key coenzyme substances. Their core function is to participate in cellular energy metabolism and biosynthesis. As coenzymes, they are important participants in the cellular respiratory chain (mitochondrial energy production), promoting the oxidative decomposition of substances such as sugars and fats to release energy. At the same time, they are involved in physiological processes such as DNA repair and cell signal transduction, maintaining the normal functions of cells.